American Association for the Advancement of Science—Science & Technology Policy Fellowships
http://fellowships.aaas.org/01_About/01_index.shtml

The American Association for the Advancement of Science administers Science & Technology Policy Fellowships in six areas to provide the opportunity for accomplished scientists and engineers to participate in and contribute to the public policymaking process of the federal government.

American Association of University Women

International Fellowships are awarded for full-time study or research to women who are not United States citizens or permanent residents. Both graduate and postgraduate study at accredited institutions are supported.
http://www.aauw.org/fga/fellowships_grants/international.cfm

American Fellowships support women doctoral candidates completing dissertations or scholars seeking funds for postdoctoral research leave from accredited institutions. Applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents.
http://www.aauw.org/fga/fellowships_grants/american.cfm

American Psychological Association
http://www.apa.org/students/funding.html

Page listing funding sources for undergraduate, graduate, pre-doctoral and doctoral students of Psychology.

Association of Schools of Public Health
http://www.asph.org/document.cfm?page=752

The association manages 16 internship and fellowship programs.

Epilepsy Foundation
http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/research/grants.cfm

The foundation supports a Behavioral Sciences Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Behavioral Sciences Student Fellowship, Health Sciences Student Fellowship, Pre-doctoral Research Training Fellowship, Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, and the Research and Training Fellowships for Clinicians.

(Check other foundations/associations related to your particular area of interest or study for additional scholarships and fellowships.)

Environmental Protection Agency
http://es.epa.gov/ncer/fellow/

“The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as part of its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program, is offering Graduate Fellowships for master's and doctoral level students in environmentally related fields of study…. Master's level students may receive support for a maximum of two years. Doctoral students may be supported for a maximum of three years with funding available, under certain circumstances, over a period of four years. The fellowship program provides up to $37,000 per year of support.”

Fogarty International

“The Fogarty International Center, the international component of the NIH, addresses global health challenges through innovative and collaborative research and training programs and supports and advances the NIH mission through international partnerships.”

 Research & Training Programs

http://www.fic.nih.gov/programs/grants.html

 

Directory of Grants and Fellowships in the Global Health Sciences http://www.fic.nih.gov/news/directory.html

“A comprehensive compilation of international funding opportunities in biomedical and behavioral research” This includes an extensive listing of sources outside of NIH.

Ford Foundation Diversity Fellowships
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/FELLOWSHIPS/fordpredoc.html

The fellowships are designed “to increase the diversity of the nation’s college and university faculties by increasing their ethnic and racial diversity, to maximize the educational benefits of diversity, and to increase the number of professors who can and will use diversity as a resource for enriching the education of all students….The predoctoral fellowships provide three years of support for individuals engaged in graduate study leading to a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree. Predoctoral fellowships will be awarded in a national competition administered by the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies on behalf of the Ford Foundation.”

Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program
http://www.fordifp.net/index.aspx?c=3

“Applicants must be resident nationals or residents of an eligible IFP country or territory. Currently, these are: Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, and Vietnam. IFP selects Fellows on the strength of their clearly-stated intention to serve their communities and countries of origin”

Fulbright Scholar Program

For non-US citizens: http://www.iie.org/FulbrightTemplate.cfm?Section=Foreign_Student_Program

http://www.cies.org/vs_scholars/

 

For US Citizens:
http://www.cies.org/us_scholars/

 

GrantsNet International Funding Index (on ScienceMag.org)
http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_development/previous_issues/articles/2005_11_04/grantsnet_
international_funding_index

Listing of grants available for international researchers, and the deadlines for 2006.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Listing of multiple scholarship/fellowship opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students: http://www.hhmi.org/grants/office/graduate/

HHMI-HIH Research Scholars Program
http://www.hhmi.org/cloister/program.html

“The HHMI-NIH Research Scholars Program, also known as the Cloister Program, was established in 1985 to give outstanding students at U.S. medical schools the opportunity to receive research training at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.”

 

HHMI International Research Scholars Program
http://www.hhmi.org/grants/individuals/bceeru.html

http://www.hhmi.org/grants/individuals/canlatam.html

HHMI's International Research Scholars Program will award five-year grants to support promising basic biomedical research scientists working in Canada, Latin America, the Baltics, Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Ukraine.

 

Physician-Scientist Early Career Award
http://www.hhmi.org/grants/individuals/earlycareer.html
“Through this new competitive grant initiative, HHMI will award three-year grants to selected alumni of the HHMI-NIH Research Scholars Program and the HHMI Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students Program to support these individuals as they begin careers as independent physician-scientists.”

 

The National Academies
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/fellowships/

“The Fellowship Office of PGA [Policy and Global Affairs] administers predoctoral, dissertation, and postdoctoral fellowship programs in research-based fields of study. The office currently administers the following programs: Ford Foundation Diversity Fellowships for Achieving Excellence in College and University Teaching, the Resident Research Associateship Programs, the U.S. Department of State Jefferson Science Fellows Program, the Vietnam Education Foundation Fellowships, and HUD Urban Scholars Program.”

National Institutes of Health

National Institute of Mental Health
http://mentalhealth.gov/researchfunding/training.cfm
"NIMH is committed to research training that prepares junior and early-to-midcareer scientists to conduct innovative multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in areas of program relevance. To accomplish its goal of training future generations of mental health researchers, NIMH has long been a leader among the NIH Institutes in supporting National Research Service Award (NRSA) institutional (T32) and individual pre- (F30, F31) and postdoctoral (F32) training programs and Research Career Development programs (K-awards). In FY2005, NIMH spent roughly 10% of its research budget on training (roughly $125M), twice that of most other Institutes."
Funding Mechanisms through NIMH

Pathway to Independence Award and the New Investigators Program
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators/index.htm

“The Pathway to Independence Award will provide up to five years of support consisting of two phases.  The initial phase will provide 1-2 years of mentored support for highly promising, postdoctoral research scientists.  This phase will be followed by up to 3 years of independent support contingent on securing an independent research position.  Award recipients will be expected to compete successfully for independent R01 support from the NIH during the career transition award period.  The PI Award is limited to postdoctoral trainees who propose research relevant to the mission of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers.”

 

Undergraduate Scholarship Program
http://ugsp.info.nih.gov/

“… offers competitive scholarships to students from disadvantaged backgrounds who are committed to careers in biomedical, behavioral, and social science health-related research. The program offers: scholarship support, paid research training at the NIH during the summer, and paid employment and training at the NIH after graduation.”

 

Post-baccalaureate Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) program and the National Cancer Institute’s Cancer Research Training Award (CRTA)
http://www.training.nih.gov/student/Pre-IRTA/irtamanualpostbac.asp
These programs “provide opportunities for recent college graduates to spend a year engaged in biomedical research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).”

 

National Science Foundation

The Graduate Research Fellowship Program
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=6201

“provides three years of support for graduate study leading to research-based master’s or doctoral degrees and is intended for students who are at the early stages of their graduate study.”

Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT)
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12759

“The… program has been developed to meet the challenges of educating U.S. Ph.D. scientists and engineers who will pursue careers in research and education”

Michigan State Library hosts a comprehensive listing of funding sources for individuals in various fields of study, for study within the US and abroad, and for US citizens and those from various other countries.

http://www.lib.msu.edu/harris23/grants/3areastu.htm